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♀️ Feminist Friday ♀️ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz Doña Inés ..
🕑 Added 2023-11-03 12:00:01 +0000 UTC ♀️ Feminist Friday ♀️ Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz Doña Inés de Asbaje y Ramírez de Santillana, better known as Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (12 November 1648 – 17 April 1695) was a Mexican writer, philosopher, composer and poet of the Baroque period, and Hieronymite nun. Her contributions to the Spanish Golden Age gained her the nicknames of "The Tenth Muse" or "The Phoenix of America"; historian Stuart Murray calls her a flame that rose from the ashes of "religious authoritarianism". Sor Juana lived during Mexico's colonial period, making her a contributor both to early Spanish literature as well as to the broader literature of the Spanish Golden Age. Beginning her studies at a yo ung age, Sor Juana was fluent in Latin and also wrote in Nahuatl and became known for her philosophy in her teens. Sor Juana educated herself in her own library, which was mostly inherited from her grandfather. After joining a nunnery in 1667, Sor Juana began writing poetry and prose dealing with such topics as love, environmentalism, feminism, and religion. She turned her nun's quarters into a salon, visited by New Spain's female intellectual elite, including Doña Eleonora del Carreto, Marchioness of Mancera, and Doña Maria Luisa Gonzaga, Countess of Paredes de Nava, both Vicereines of the New Spain, amongst others. Her criticism of misogyny and the hypocrisy of men led to her condemnation by the Bishop of Puebla, and in 1694 she was for ced to sell her collection of books and focus on charity towards the poor. She died the next year, having caught the plague while treating her sisters. After she had faded from academic discourse for hundreds of years, Nobel Prize winner Octavio Paz re-established Sor Juana's importance in modern times. Scholars now interpret Sor Juana as a protofeminist, and she is the subject of vibrant discourse about themes such as colonialism, education rights, women's religious authority, and writing as examples of feminist advocacy. One of her poems, written in 1680s, “Hombres necios que acusáis” (“You Foolish Men”), expresses her disappointment in the hypocrisy of the relations between men and women in New Spain. In the first, stanza Juana cries foul that men blame women for the faults that male-dominated society has taught them: Hombres necios que acusáis a la mujer sin razón, sin ver que sois la ocasión de lo mismo que culpáis: You foolish men who lay the guilt on women, not seeing you’re the cause of the very thing you blame The 5th stanza drives this point home with a pointed mythical metaphor: Queréis, con presunción necia, hallar a la que buscáis, para pretendida, Thais, y en la posesión, Lucrecia With foolish arrogance you hope to find a Thais in her you court, but a Lucretia when you’ve possessed her. Thais was a sex worker who accompanied Alexander the Great on many of his campaigns, and Lucretia was a Roman noblewoman who committed suicide after she was ra ped to preserve her family’s honour. Essentially, she is accusing the men of New Spain of wanting the colonial version of the “ lady on the street and a freak in the bed” double standard, an impossible standard in any era. Juana’s criticism was incredibly radical for its time, especially from a nun who was supposed to concern herself only with spiritual matters. And while Juana did receive criticism from the church for her radical ideologies, she was also praised for her candidness and commitment to women’s advocacy. Juana was an exceptional woman who mastered philosophical theories and multiple languages, and who used her considerable talents to advocate for women’s rights. By giving our students the opportunity to analyze her work, we provide them with the opportunity to learn about the life of a woman, a nun, and a scholar in New Spain, and give them an insider’s first-hand account of what it was like to live in that community. And poems like this demonstrate that the issues highlighted by modern feminist movements, like #MeToo, have been going on for centuries. ***** Disclaimer: It is important to remember that some of the women you will read about during Feminist Friday will have done unsavory, bad, and sometimes even terrible or unforgivable things during their lives. I have decided to include any women found to be problematic rather than disregard them entirely because I believe that it would be a disservice to do otherwise. The different women discussed here have lives that span over thousands of years during which life on Earth and humanity in general changed immensely and unrecognizably. Some of their values will be outdated. Some will be laughable. Some offensive. However, I implore you to try and look at these women as individual members of a world made to tame, shame, shackle, subjugate, abuse, and kill them. Do not ignore the horrors of the past. You are free to dislike them (I dislike many!) but recognize their achievements within the context of their time and place in the world.
