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Japanese Phonetics Bibliography
🕑 Added 2018-03-04 00:52:51 +0000 UTCThese are the resources I use to create Japanese Phonetics. A PDF which follows traditional formatting rules is also available here (last updated April 25, 2020). Please also note that I acquired a fair amount of the information in this series while intensively studying Japanese linguistics at both the University of Washington (05-07, 08-09) and Keio University (07-08), as well as through first hand experience living and working in Japan for more than ten years, and having extensive native conversations with native speakers trained in linguistics.
- Akamatsu, T. (1997). Japanese phonetics, theory, and practice. Munich: Lincom Europa.
- Akamatsu, T. (2000). Japanese phonology: A functional approach. Munich: Lincom Europa.
- Akinaga, K. (1998). Kyōtsūgo no akusento [Accent in the common language]. In NHK Hōsō Bunka Kenkyūjo (Ed.), Nihongo hatsuon akusento jiten [Japanese pronunciation and accent dictionary] new ed. (pp.174—221). Tokyo: Nihon Hōsō Shup-pankai.
- Amanuma, Y. (1983). Gendai kanazukai [Modern Kana usage]. In Nihongo Kyōiku Gakkai (Ed.), Nihongo kyōiku jiten [Encyclopedia of Japanese language education] (pp. 504-505). Tokyo: Taishukan Shoten.
- Arisaka, H. (1940). On'inron [Phonology]. Tokyo: Sanseidō. (References are to the 1959 expanded edition.)
- Ashby, P. (1995). Speech Sounds. London: Routledge.
- Bloch, Bernard. (1950). Studies in colloquial Japanese IV: Phonemics. Language, 26, 86-125. (References are to the reprinted version in Roy Andrew Miller, ed., Bernard Bloch on Japanese, 113-165, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970.)
- Catford, J. C. (1977). Fundamental problems in phonetics. Bloomington, IN: University Press.
- Ezaki, R. (2016, February 1). 日本語調査結果（５）『を』の発音ーＷＯ（うぉ）？それとも Ｏ（お）？ [Japanese language survey 5: Should wo be pronounced o or wo?]. Retrieved April 15, 2018, from http://nhg.pro.tok2.com/reserch/reserch1-5.htm
- Forvo Team. (n.d.). を pronunciation: How to pronounce を in Japanese. Retrieved April 17, 2018, from https://forvo.com/word/%E3%82%92/#ja
- Furue, R. (n.d.). An Introduction to Japanese Pronunciation. Retrieved from http://iprc.soest.hawaii.edu/users/furue/jp-pron.html
Haraguchi, S. (1977). The tone pattern of Japanese: An auto segmental theory of tonology. Tokyo: Kaitakusha. - Haraguchi, S. (1999). Accent. In Tsujimura, N. (Ed.) The handbook of Japanese linguistics (pp. 1-30). Oxford: Blackwell.
- Hasegawa, Noguko. (1979). "Casual speech vs. fast speech." In Paul R. Clyne, William F. Hanks, and Carol L. Hofbauer, eds., Papers from the fifteenth regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 126-137. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.
- Hattori, S. (1930). “N” ni tsuite [On the moraic nasal]. In Onsei no Kenkyū 3, 41—47.
- Hayes, B., & Steriade, D. (2004). The phonetics of phonological markedness. In B. Hayes, R. Kirchner, & D. Steriade (Eds.), Phonetically based phonology (pp. 1-33). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
- Higurashi, Y. (1983). The accent of extended words structure in Tokyo Standard Japanese. Tokyo: Luca Inc.
- Hirayama, T (Ed.). (1960). Zenkoku akusento jitten [Nationwide accent dictionary]. Tokyo: Tōkyōdō Shuppan.
- Honikman, B. (1964). Articulatory Settings. In Abercrombie et al. (pp. 73-74).
- Human Academy. (2017). Nihongo kyōiku nōryoku kentei shiken kanzen kōryaku gaido: Nihongo kyōiku nōryoku kentei shiken gakushūsho [Japanese language education proficiency test complete guide Japanese language education proficiency test study text] (4th ed.). Tokyo: Shōeisha.
- Inaba, S. (2001). Vowel shortening and surface ternary feet : Ternary rhythm through strictly binary footing. In Language, information and computation : Proceedings of the 15th Pacific Asia Conference : 1- 3 February 2001, Hong Kong (pp. 195-202). Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong. Retrieved March 15, 2018, from http://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y01-1018
- Inouye, C. S. (1995). Pronounce it perfectly in Japanese. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's.
- Intercultural Institute of Japan. (2011). Yasashī Nihongo no hatsuon torēningu [Japanese pronunciation training with ease]. Tokyo: Natsumesha.
- International Phonetic Association. (2015). IPA vowel chart [Official International Phonetic Alphabet chart.]. Retrieved December 25, 2017, from https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/
- Jaeger, J. J. (1978). Speech aerodynamics and phonological universals. In (J. J. Jaeger et. al, Ed.) Proceedings of the fourth annual meeting of the Berkley Linguistics Society (pp. 311—329). Berkley: Berkley Linguistics Society.
- JapanesePod101 (Producer). (2016, November 4). Learn ALL Hiragana in 1 Hour - How to Write and Read Japanese[Video file]. Retrieved April 15, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6p9Il_j0zjc
- Kawahara, S. (2006). A faithfulness ranking projected from a perceptibility scale: The case of [+ voice] in Japanese. Language, 82(3), 536-574. doi:10.1353/lan.2006.0146
- Kawakami, S. (1977). Nihongo onsei gaisetsu [Outline of Japanese phonetics]. Tokyo: Ōfūsha.
- Keating, P. A., & Huffman, M. K. (1984). Vowel variation in Japanese. Phonetica, 41(4), 191-207. doi:10.1159/000261726
- Kindaichi, H. (1950). "Satooya" to "satōya": Hikionsetsu no teishō ["Satooya" and "satōya": In support of the lengthening mora]. Kokugo to Kokubungaku, 27. (References are to the reprinted version in Haruhiko Kindaichi, Nihongo on'in no kenkyū [Studies in Japanese phonology], 133-153, Tokyo: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, 1967.)
- Kindaichi, H & Akinaga, K. (Eds.). (2001). Shin meikai Nihongo akusento jiten [New easy-to-understand Japanese accent dictionary]. Tokyo: Sanseidō.
- Kindaichi, H & Akinaga, K. (2014). Shin meikai Nihongo akusento jiten dai 2 ban [New easy-to-understand Japanese accent dictionary second edition]. Tokyo: Sanseidō.
- Kokusai kōryūkikin [The Japan Foundation]. (2009). Kokusai kōryū kikin nihongo kyōjuhō shirīzu dai 2 kan onsei wo oshieru [The Japan Foundation teaching Japanese series 2 teaching pronunciation] (5th ed.). Tokyo: The Japan Foundation.
- Koo, J. H., & Homma, Y. (1989). Consonant gemination in English loanwords of Japanese. Journal of the Association of Teachers of Japanese, 17, 125-134. doi:10.2307/489054
- Kubozono, H. (1993). The organization of Japanese prosody. Tokyo: Kurosio.
- Kubozono, H. (1996). Syllable and accent in Japanese: evidence from loanword accentuation. Onsei Kaihō 211, 71—82.
- Kubozono, H. (1999). Mora and syllable. In Tsujimura, N. (Ed.) The handbook of Japanese linguistics (pp. 31-61). Oxford: Blackwell.
- Kubozono, H. (2006a). Phonetic and phonological organization of speech in Japanese. In Nakayama, Mineharu, Mazuka, Reiko, and Shirai, Y (Eds.) The handbook of East Asian psycholinguistics vol. II: Japanese (pp. 191—318). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Kubozono, H. (2006b). Where does loanword prosody come from? A case study of Japanese loanword accent. Lingua 116—7, 1140—1170.
- Kubozono, H. (2018). Iwanami kagaku library 118 akusento no hōsoku [Iwanami science library 118 accent rules]. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
- Kurematsu, A. (1997). Inritsu jōhō no jōhō kagaku he no teikyō [Application of intonational information to information science]. In Sugitō, M (Ed.) Nihongo Onsei (2) akusento, intonēshon, rizumu to pōzu [Japanese phonetics (2) accent, intonation, rhythm and pause] (pp. 303-318). Tokyo: Sanseidō.
- Labrune, L. (2012). The phonology of Japanese. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
- Ladefoged, P., & Maddieson, I. (1996). The sounds of the world's languages. Oxford: Blackwell.
- [Learn Japanese with JapanesePod101.com]. (2014, April 18). Perfect Pronunciation of the 5 Japanese Vowels[Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.kireilife.net/pages/index.html
- Martin, Samuel E. (1952). Morphophonemics of standard colloquial Japanese. Supplement to Language (Language dissertation No. 47).
- Martin, S. (1975). A reference grammar of Japanese. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Matsumori, A., Nīta, T., & Kibe, N. (2012). Nihongo akusento nyūmon [An introduction to Japanese accent] (Y. Nakai, Ed.). Tokyo: Sanseidō.
- Matsumura, A. (Ed.). (1995). Daijirin [Great Dictionary] (2nd ed.). Tokyo: Sanseidō.
- McCawley, J. (1968). The phonological component of a grammar of Japanese. The Hague: Mouton.
- Miyake, T. (1943). Kokumin gakkō akusento kaisetsu daiichigakunen yō [Comments on accent for first year level in public schools]. Tokyo: Kokugo Bunka Kenkyūjo.
- Muradyan, R. (2012, April 12). Vowel reduction. Retrieved March 15, 2018, from http://trainingesl.blogspot.jp/2012/04/vowel-reduction.html
- Nakajō, O. (1989). Nihongo no onin to akusento [Japanese phonology and accent]. Tokyo: Keisō Shobō.
- NHK [NHK Hōsō Bunka Kenkyūjo] (Ed.). (2016). NHK nihongo hatsuon akusento shin jiten [New Japanese pronunciation and accent dictionary]. Tokyo: Nihon Hōsō Kyōkai Shuppan.
- Nihon Onsei Gakkai (Ed.). (1976). Onseigaku Daijiten [Comprehensive phonetics dictionary]. Tokyo: Sanshūsha.
- Nihongo kyouikuyō akusentojiten [Japanese educational accent dictionary]. (2010). Retrieved October 1, 2016, from http://accent.u-biq.org
- Nishimura, K. (2006). Lyman's law in loanwords. In Nihon On'inron Gakkai (Ed.) On'in Kenkyū [Phonological studies] (pp. 83-90). Tokyo: Kaitakusha.
- Noguchi, J. (2014). Contrastive analysis between Japanese and American English sound systems: From an articulatory setting perspective. The Journal of Kanda University of International Studies, 26, 293-309. Retrieved December 25, 2017, from https://www.kandagaigo.ac.jp/kuis/about/bulletin/en/026/pdf/012.pdf.
- Ohnishi, M. (1987). Dōteki jinkō kōgai ni yoru nihongo shiin no kōsatsu [A study of Japanese consonants by dynamic palatography]. In Onsei Gakkai Kaihō, 186, 19—24.
- Okada, H. (1999). Japanese. In International Phonetic Association (Author), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet (pp. 117-119). Cambridge University Press.
- Okuda, K. (1971). Accentual systems in the Japanese dialects (doctoral dissertation). UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
- Orion, G. F. (1997). Pronouncing American English: Sounds, stress. and intonation (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Heinle & Heinle.
- Pierrehumbert, J & Beckman, M. (1988). Japanese tone structure. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Riney, T. J., Takagi, N., Ota, K., & Uchida, Y. (2007). The intermediate degree of VOT in Japanese initial voiceless stops. Journal of Phonetics, 35(3), 439-443. doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2006.01.002
- Sagisaka, Y. (1997). Nihongo on’in no jikanchō seigyo to chikaku [Perception and control of temporal duration of Japanese phonemes]. In Gekkan Gengo 28-9, 51-56.
- Sagisaka, Y., and Tohkura, Y. (1984). Phoneme duration control for speech synthesis by rule. In Transactions of the IECE J67-A, 629–636.
- Sakuma, K. (1929. Nihon onseigaku [Japanese phonetics]. Tokyo: Hokuseidō (reedited by Kasama in 1963).
- Sakuma, K. (1973). Hyōjun Nihongo no hatsuon, akusento [Standard Japanese pronunciation and accent] (Expanded ed.). Tokyo: Kōseikaku.
- Shinmura, I. (Ed.). (1998). Kōjien [Comprehensive dictionary] (5th ed). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
- Shull, T. (2015, August 12). Reduced vowels. Retrieved March 15, 2018, from http://dailycues.com/learn/iqpedia/pages/reduced-vowels/
- Sugito, M. (1968). Dōtai Bokutei ni yoru Tōkyō nihaku-go odaka to heiban akusento-kō [A study of final-accented and unaccented two mora words in Tokyo using dynamic measurement]. Onsei Gakkai Kaihō, 129 (pp. 1—4).
- Sugito, M. (1982). Shibata-san to Imada-san tango no chōkakutei benbetsu ni tuile no ichi Osatsu [Mr Shibata and Mr Imada: a note on the word distinction at the auditory level]. Gengo Seikatsu, 165 (pp. 64—72).
- Sukegawa, Y., Maekawa, K., & Uehara, S. (1998). Nihongo chōboin no tanboinka genshō o meguru shoyōin no jikken-onseigaku-teki kenkyū to onsei kyōiku e no shisa [An experimental phonetic study of Japanese vowel shortening and its implications for pronunciation teaching]. In Y. Sasaki Alam (Ed.), Gengogaku to Nihongo kyōiku [Linguistics and Japanese language education] (pp. 81-94). Tokyo: Kuroshio Shuppan.
- Suski, P. M. (2011). The phonetics of Japanese language: With reference to Japanese script. London: Routledge.
- Tanaka, S., & Kubozono, H. (1999). Nihongo no hatsuon kyōshitu: riron to renshū [Introduction to Japanese pronunciation theory and practice] (11th ed.). (H. Kubozono, Ed.). Tokyo: Kuroshio Shuppan.
- Takayama, T. (2009). Note: Labrune cites (Takayama Tokomaki, p.c. 2009) on page 159 of his 2012 book, The Phonology of Japanese. However, in the bibliography of said book there is no listing for any 2009 work from Takayama. Thus, I have opted for the above notation. A list of Takayama’s works can be found here: https://ridb.kanazawa-u.ac.jp/public/detail_en.php?id=2645
- Tashiro, K. (1975). Utsukushii nihongo no hatsuon: akusento to hyōgen [Beautiful Japanese pronunciation: accent and expression]. Osaka: Sōgensha.
- Taylor, R. L. (2012). Eigowasha ni yoru nihongo no akusento no shūtoku [Learning Japanese pitch-accent for native English speakers]. Nagoya University.
- Todaka, Y. (1995). A preliminary study of voice quality differences between Japanese and American English: Some pedagogical suggestions. JALT Journal, 17(2), 261-268. Retrieved December 25, 2017, from http://www.jalt-publications.org/files/pdf-article/jj-17.2-art9.pdf
- Toyama, E. (1972). Kindai no on'in [Early modern phonology]. In N. Noriko (Ed.), Kōza Nihongoshi 2: On'inshi mojishi [Course on the history of Japanese 2: Phonology, writing] (pp. 173-268). Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten.
- Tsujimura, N. (1996). An introduction to Japanese linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Tsuki, M & Lee, H. (1992). A phonetic study of the Korean and Japanese lateral, flap and nasal. In Linguistic Society of Korea (Ed.), Proceedings of the 1992 Seoul International Conference on Linguistics (pp. 761—780). Seoul: Koryo University.
- [UBC eNunciate!]. (2015, June 11). How to Pronounce Japanese Vowels[Video File]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t64Ie8HBsdo
- Uwano, Z. (1977). Nihongo no akusento [The accent of Japanese]. In Ōno, S and Sibata, T (Eds.), Iwanami Kōza Nihongo 5 On’in (pp. 281—321). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten.
- Uwano, Z. (2003). Akusento no taikei to shikumi [System and mechanisms of accent]. In Kitahara, Yasuo, and Uwano, Z (Eds.), Asakura Nihongo Kōza 3 (pp. 61—84). Tokyo: Asakura Shoten.
- Vance, T. (1987). An introduction to Japanese phonology. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
- Vance, T. (1995). Final accent vs. no accent: utterance-final neutralization in Tokyo Japanese. Journal of Phonetics, 23 (pp. 487—499).
- Vance, T. (2008). The sounds of Japanese. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Vance, T. and Matsugu, Y. (2008). The /y/—/w/ asymmetry in Japanese loanwords. In Kubozono, H. (Ed.), Asymmetries in Phonology: An East-Asian perspective (pp. 139-146). Tokyo: Kurosio.
- Veditti, J. (2005). The J_ToBI model of Japanese intonation. In Jun, S. (Ed.), Prosodic typology: The phonology of intonation and phrasing (pp.172—200). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Warner, N. (1997). Japanese final-accented and unaccented phrases. Journal of Phonetics, 25 (pp. 43—60).
- Wikipedia Foundation. (2016, May 28). Japanese pitch accent. Retrieved October 1, 2016 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_pitch_accent
- Wikipedia Foundation. (2018, April 13). 四つ仮名. Retrieved July 20, 2018, from https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/四つ仮名
- Wikipedia Foundation. (2018, January 27). Gojūon. Retrieved April 15, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goj%C5%ABon
- Wikipedia Foundation. (2018, July 27). Yotsugana. Retrieved July 20, 2018, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yotsugana
- Wikipedia Foundation. (2016, October 21). Japanese phonology. Retrieved October 31, 2016 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_phonology
- Wikipedia Foundation. (2016, October 21). Japanese pitch accent. Retrieved October 31, 2016 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_pitch_accent
- Yotsugana [Four Kana]. (2013). In Super Daijirin Japanese Dictionary. Tokyo: Sanseidō.
- Z, K. (2019, Sept. 30). Japanese-accent. Retrieved October 1, 2019 from gist.github.com/k3zi/3f38070efffa38db83cd5745d83b1235
- Not listed. (2009, October 11). Japan's top 100 most common family names. Japan Times. Retrieved from https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2009/10/11/lifestyle/japans-top-100-most-common-family-names/#.XPdDQS2B1QJ
Comments
Dogen
Thanks for the share Enrico!
Enrico Paolini
Hi everyone! I wanted to suggest a couple of resources I've found to be extremely useful in my studies. The first one is 『語形成と音韻構造』, by 窪薗晴夫 (1995, くろしお出版), and specifically Chapter 2. I didn't actually read the whole book, so I'm not sure about the other chapters (I skimmed them a few years back, before photocopying just the second chapter, so I assume that past-me didn't find them useful for learning purposes, but I have no way of checking their content right now), but Chapter 2 deals with accent in compound nouns in a very in-depth way. A little too in-depth for general purposes, perhaps, but the great thing about this chapter is that it deals with a phenomenon that is ignored (or, at best, very lightly touched upon) in the appendix to the Shinmeikai dictionary and in all other learning resources I know of. Briefly put, it deals with how nouns behave when combined into long compounds, explaining for example why 名古屋工業大学 is pronounced with an 'accent reset' in the middle, while 名古屋工大 is pronounced as a single word, or why マルクスレーニン主義 is somewhat counterintuitively pronounced with an 'accent reset' between the two names, and a lot of other things like that. It took me roughly a couple of days to get through the whole chapter while putting all relevant information in my Anki deck (I got about 25 new longish explanation cards out of it), but it's definitely worth it if you've ever wondered how the heck you're supposed to properly pronounce 武村正義前官房長官 or 神戸女子短期大学 without either running out of breath or committing seppuku (whichever comes first). It also contains a bit of 'bonus' information on 連濁 and intonation, nothing vital as far as I'm concerned, but still potentially interesting. The second resource I'd like to suggest is 「複合語におけるアクセント規則と連濁規則」, by 佐藤大和 (you can't get much more overtly Japanese than that), which is an article contained in 『講座 日本語と日本語教育 第２巻 日本語の音声・音韻（上）』 (1989, 明治書院). The other articles in the book might be interesting, but I haven't read them because they seemed way above my pay-grade and focused on linguistics topics without much practical application. This article, however, contains a few gems, like detailed rules for the pronunciations of 寺じ・猫・手 in compounds (something which was barely touched upon in the Shinmeikai appendix, and I was especially grateful for the 寺 one because I couldn't figure it out on my own however much I tried), and some rather interesting explanations and rules about 連濁 (such as why 比叡山 is pronounced ひえいざん, while 高野山 is こうやさん, or the fact that more often than not surnames with a 連濁 are 平板 while those without are not, which I took as a very useful generalised version of the 田た・だ rule). It's not for beginners and it comes nowhere near to being a complete 'course' or anything, but I was able to extract several useful bits of information from it that are either ignored or glossed over in other, more 'learner-friendly' resources. Cheers!
Dogen
Thanks!
World lastnames
Nice article with appriciated efforts ... specially thanks for your references , https://www.worldlastnames.com/most-common-japanese-last-names/ also best i got
Dogen
Hi Taryn. I actually think that my lessons would be be beneficial for you—I usually just recommend a basic to intermediate level of understanding such that people aren't too confused by the example words or grammar points I use. Hope this helps! Thanks for the support!
Taryn L'écureuil
Dear Dogen, what skill level do you recommend starting your lessons? I just finished Rosetta Stone (yea, depressing) and still can't pass the JLPT. I found you on Tofugu and am eager but wary (seriously butthurt about the Rosetta Stone thing). Love your YouTube channel!
Dogen
Hi Mugen. Thanks for reaching out! I unfortunately get the majority of my linguistics information from either physical books or academic journals, and most of it is phonetics related. There is one twitter account, however, that I think might be useful for what you're trying to do. Check this guy out: <a href="https://twitter.com/kanji_project" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">https://twitter.com/kanji_project</a> Good luck! ^^
Mugen
Hi Dogen, I've been a fan of your vids for a little while now (though not yet a patron)! I understand you have a background in Japanese linguistics, and as a linguistics student, I wanted to ask if you know of any good general websites to look for (preferably English-language) articles on Japanese linguistics! I'm currently looking into language usage on Twitter, and hoping to compare English and Japanese on the platform, but am struggling a little on the Japanese end of literature.
Dogen
No worries Jorge! Definitely know the feeling. I'll keep updating the list as I find more useful resources. Good luck with your studies and let me know if you ever have any questions!
vio
Thank you for making this. As a Japanese student, I feel that we don't have nearly enough practice understanding how to actually speak properly. I've tried getting random books from our school's library on the subject of phonetics in Japanese, but I honestly had no clue what to go for.
